In the wave of globalization, the diversification of nationality choices has become a focus of increasing attention. Dual citizenship, which means an individual simultaneously holds legal citizenship in two countries, is explicitly recognized by law in some countries, while it is strictly restricted in others. Globally, a considerable number of countries recognize dual citizenship, and their policy differences are closely linked to cultural backgrounds and historical traditions.
The acceptance of dual citizenship in Asia exhibits diverse characteristics. Countries such as the Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia explicitly allow citizens to hold dual citizenship, especially for overseas expatriates or talents in specific fields, simplifying the naturalization process through legislation. For example, Vietnam’s revised Nationality Law of 2025 allows foreign experts in the semiconductor and artificial intelligence fields to apply for citizenship in Vietnam without relinquishing their original citizenship, aiming to attract high-end talent to fill technology gaps. South Korea adopts a conditional recognition policy, allowing South Korean citizens born abroad to retain dual citizenship, but naturalized citizens must renounce their original citizenship. Japan allows dual citizenship, but requires citizens to choose one before the age of 22; those who do not actively declare their dual citizenship are assumed to retain Japanese citizenship. In addition, countries such as Turkey and Israel have recognized dual citizenship through legislation or special provisions, facilitating cross-border living and working.
European countries generally have a high acceptance of dual citizenship and offer flexible and diverse policies. Traditional immigration countries such as the UK, France, Italy, and the Netherlands explicitly recognize dual citizenship through law, requiring citizens to retain their original citizenship upon acquiring another country’s citizenship. Since the 2024 reform of its Citizenship Act, Germany has, in principle, allowed citizens to hold dual citizenship without having to renounce their original citizenship after naturalization. This policy adjustment has significantly increased the country’s attractiveness to skilled immigrants. While Nordic countries such as Sweden, Finland, and Denmark do not explicitly recognize dual citizenship in law, they tacitly approve it in practice. For example, Denmark allows minors who automatically acquire foreign citizenship due to one parent retaining Danish citizenship. Eastern European countries such as Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, while not fully open to dual citizenship, offer exceptions for specific groups (such as those born with multiple citizenships) or those who obtain citizenship through investment.
The acceptance policies of dual citizenship in the Americas and Oceania are also noteworthy. Canada is a staunch supporter of dual citizenship, allowing citizens to freely hold both Canadian and other national passports without additional obligations. While the United States does not explicitly recognize dual citizenship in federal law, it tacitly allows citizens to hold foreign citizenship, only requiring them to use their U.S. passport upon entry. Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile generally recognize dual citizenship and have even expanded mutual recognition through bilateral agreements. For example, Spain has signed dual citizenship agreements with 17 Latin American countries and Portugal, allowing eligible citizens to retain dual citizenship. Australia and New Zealand in Oceania also allow citizens to hold dual citizenship, providing legal protection for cross-border education, employment, and residence.
Although approximately 49% of countries globally recognize or accept dual citizenship, policy differences still require careful consideration. Some countries, while not explicitly prohibiting dual citizenship, strengthen management through indirect means such as tax reporting and residency requirements. For example, Russia requires dual citizens to register with the government, otherwise they may face criminal prosecution; Australia plans to strengthen the collection of citizens’ biometric information through legislation to prevent security risks. For individuals seeking dual citizenship, thoroughly understanding the legal provisions, tax obligations, and social welfare policies of the target country is crucial for mitigating risks.
Against the backdrop of a growing global demand for immigration planning, various immigration expos have become important platforms connecting supply and demand. These expos not only gather high-quality immigration programs from around the world but also provide participants with a one-stop information channel through policy interpretation, case sharing, and other means. Whether exploring the feasibility of dual citizenship or planning a transnational lifestyle, participating in immigration expos can help individuals find the most suitable immigration solution in a complex and ever-changing international environment.
